tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59199492024-03-09T01:27:16.232+01:00ComPunditComPundit - a .com and computer pundit - PCs and the dot com InternetUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger20125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-68612197267588009362013-03-05T13:42:00.001+01:002013-03-05T13:42:51.357+01:00PC Power: How Much is Enough for the Average User and Why PC Sales May be Suffering from Satiated UsersBrad Chacos has the story at PCWorld in <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2030005/why-moores-law-not-mobility-is-killing-the-pc.html">Why Moore's Law, not mobility, is killing the PC</a>.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-13206595465925644762012-05-18T20:48:00.001+02:002012-05-18T20:48:42.586+02:00Facebook as The New Yorker's Ultimate Dot-ComJohn Cassidy has the story at The New Yorker in <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2012/05/facebook-the-ultimate-dotcom.html">Facebook: The Ultimate Dot-Com</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-26321660698191956222010-02-03T21:24:00.000+01:002010-02-03T21:24:46.455+01:00HTML vs. Flash: Can a turf war be avoided? | Deep Tech - CNET News<a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20000037-264.html">HTML vs. Flash: Can a turf war be avoided? | Deep Tech - CNET News</a><br />by Stephen Shankland<br /><blockquote style="color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">"A difference of opinion among developers has become a high-profile debate over the future of the Web: should programmers continue using Adobe Systems' Flash or embrace newer Web technology instead?<br /><br />The debate has gone on for years, but last week's debut of Apple's iPad--which like the iPhone doesn't support Flash--turned up the heat. Before that, Adobe had been saying with some restraint that it's happy to bring Flash to the iPhone when Apple gives the go-ahead."</blockquote>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-23938212114059678042010-01-25T22:40:00.000+01:002010-01-25T22:40:55.951+01:00The Mozilla Blog : Firefrox 3.6<a href="http://blog.mozilla.com/">The Mozilla Blog</a><br /><blockquote style="color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">"What’s new in Firefox 3.6:<br /><br />Below are some of the coolest features of Firefox 3.6:<br /><br /> * Personas: Personalize the look of your Firefox by selecting new themes called Personas in a single click and without a restart<br /> * Plugin Updater: To keep you safe from potential security vulnerabilities, Firefox will now detect out of date plugins<br /> * Stability improvements: Firefox 3.6 significantly decreased crashes caused by third party software – all without sacrificing our extensibility in any way<br /> * Form Complete: When filling out an online form, Firefox suggests information for fields based on your common answers in similar field<br /> * Performance: Improved JavaScript performance, overall browser responsiveness, and startup time<br /> * Open Video and Audio: With the world’s best implementation of HTML 5 audio and video support, now video can be displayed full screen and supports poster frames"</blockquote>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-39271194750804984052010-01-18T22:59:00.000+01:002010-01-18T22:59:48.389+01:00Put the Computers in Prison? Computer Crime as a Balance of Technology and Behavioral ScienceSteve Lohr at the New York Times in <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/18/technology/internet/18defend.html">Google Case in China Highlights Gaps in Computer Security</a> writes that:<br /><blockquote style="color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">"“Fighting computer crime is a balance of technology and behavioral science, understanding the human dimension of the threat,” said Mr. Stroz, the former F.B.I. agent and security investigator. “There is no law in the books that will ever throw a computer in prison.”"</blockquote>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-13999972512928972772010-01-18T22:51:00.000+01:002010-01-18T22:51:58.480+01:00A Giant iPhone? Apple to Unveil Touch-Screen Slate Computer ?<a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/01/18/apple.event.invite/">Apple invites press to see 'our latest creation' - CNN.com</a><br /><blockquote style="color: rgb(153, 102, 51);">"(CNN) -- It's official: Apple Inc. will host a much-anticipated press event January 27 in San Francisco, California.<br /><br />Invitations went out Monday.<br /><br />Tech insiders expect the company to unveil a touch-screen 'slate' computer, which would look something like a giant iPhone."</blockquote><a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/TECH/01/18/apple.event.invite/">Read the full article here</a>.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-8436890366629884082010-01-18T22:00:00.000+01:002010-01-18T22:00:39.991+01:00Notebookcheck: Medion: 17,3-Zoll-Notebook Akoya E7212 bei Aldi für 599 EuroFor our readers in Germany, a good notebook deal coming at Aldi:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.notebookcheck.com/Newseintrag.54+M5713d00fad1.0.html">Notebookcheck: Medion: 17,3-Zoll-Notebook Akoya E7212 bei Aldi für 599 Euro</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-19693535652308882492009-09-21T19:57:00.000+02:002009-09-21T19:58:26.535+02:00Cloud Computing at the ASIDIC Association of Information and Dissemination Centers Fall Meeting October 13-15 at the Westin in Arlington, VirginiaWe note at <a href="http://newstex.com/2009/09/10/newstex-president-larry-schwartz-talks-cloud-computing/">Newstex</a> that its President, Larry Schwartz, is to lead a session on cloud computing at the (ASIDIC) Fall 2009 Meeting of ASIDIC (Association of Information and Dissemination Centers) to be held October 13-15 at the Westin Arlington Gateway Hotel in Arlington, Virginia, to be joined on the panel by Michele Kimpton, Chief Business Officer of <a href="http://www.blogger.com/repository%20platforms">DuraSpace</a> (repository platforms to manage, preserve, and provide access to digital content), Steve O’Keeffe, Founder and President of <a href="http://www.meritalk.com/home.php">Meritalk - the Government IT Network</a> (view their <a href="http://it.usaspending.gov/">IT Dashboard</a> (beta))- and George Landau, President of <a href="http://www.newsengin.com/">NewsEngin</a> (engine for digital and print publishing).Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1106406260569882122005-01-22T16:02:00.000+01:002005-01-22T16:04:20.570+01:00Mini Mac by AppleThe blog <a href="http://blogs.zdnet.com/Research/index.php?p=42">Datapoint</a> at ZDNet points to an amazing explosion of readership for Apple in the last month, a "heightened buzz" which they attribute to announcement of a low cost Mac PC, which also fits into the iPod strategy.
<br />
<br />A <a href="http://www.platinax.co.uk/news/archives/2005/01/apple_explodes.html">Special Report</a> at Platinax Internet News entitled "Apple explodes mass marketing" covers not only the "<a href="http://www.apple.com/macmini/">Mac Mini</a>" but also Apple's unprecedented "major incursion into mass consumer shopping", citing to <a href="http://www.nixlog.com/archives/2005/01/12_apples_tipping_point_macs_for_the_masses_infographic.php">NixLog</a>.
<br />
<br />There is surely enough dissatisfaction out there about <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/">Microsoft Windows</a>, its instability and security problems, that many will now give a cheaper Apple a second look. The PC competitors always had some advantages. We ourselves look fondly back to the days of our Atari Mega ST4 (in those days with absolutely dependable 4MB RAM) which ran without a hitch for years and NEVER crashed - not once. We have a good friend who composes music and today still runs his synthesizer programs on a <a href="http://www.korg.com/">Korg</a> workstation using aging Ataris. Incredible.
<br />
<br />By contrast, our Windows XP PC still crashes (freezes) regularly as it reaches its memory and virtual memory limits.
<br />
<br />So it will be interesting to see what the "Mini Mac" can do.
<br />
<br />Crossposted to <a href="http://www.lawpundit.com/blog/lawpundit.htm">LawPundit</a>.
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1088595449251685082004-06-30T13:37:00.000+02:002004-06-30T13:50:27.830+02:00Comdex 2004 cancelled<br><font color="#ff6600"><b>Comdex 2004 cancelled</b></font>
<br />
<br />A June 23, 2004 article by David Becker of CNET News reports at ZDNet that <a href="http://zdnet.com.com/2100-1103-5244406.html">Organizer cancels Comdex 2004</a>.
<br />
<br />This is a distrubing sign of the troubled times being experienced by the pc sector of the once glamorous computer industry which has been replaced by consumer electronics as the symbol of modern "high tech".
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1077622072506343102004-02-24T12:27:00.000+01:002004-02-24T12:31:07.140+01:00Op-Ed Columnist: Meet the Zippies<br>At <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/22/opinion/22FRIE.html?ex=1078551818&ei=1&en=adb2bc13e435c629">Op-Ed Columnist: Meet the Zippies</a> a February 22, 2004 article by Thomas L. Friedman, we meet Generation Z in India, the zippies, to whom we are increasingly outsourcing technological work. What does the future hold? Read the article.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1076268971561049782004-02-08T20:36:00.000+01:002004-02-08T20:38:37.310+01:00Worm and Virus Writers<br>Clive Thompson at the New York Times has an article on worm and virus writers called <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/08/magazine/08WORMS.html?ex=1077263212&ei=1&en=405ee8fe409db653">The Virus Underground</a>. It is a lengthy well-researched read on this growing internet problem. Thompson points out that what youngsters initially think is simply fun can land them in jail.
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1076028689254543832004-02-06T01:51:00.000+01:002004-02-06T01:55:00.250+01:00Smack the penguin<br> Here is a game for anti-Linux users (?) <a href="http://games.apropo.ro/pingu_v3.html">Smack the penguin [steroids version]!!!</a> which probably violates all kinds of SPCA regulations in spirit, but it is kind of fun, and no harm is done. Click the caveman once to get the penguin to jump and try to strike him like a baseball and send him on his way with the club which will give you a score - our top is 1200,1. Hint: a vertical trajectory gets more distance than a high flyer.
<br />
<br />It is absolutely mindless entertainment but the fact that you have the motivation of obtaining a high score - as always - is catching.
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1073844025952360562004-01-11T19:00:00.000+01:002004-01-11T19:00:46.943+01:00Internet Replacing Television<br>Via Steve Hall's blog <a href="http://www.adrants.com/2004_01_04_archive.php#107357845261383529">AdRants</a> we discover that the Internet is in fact moving 18 to 34 year-old males away from Television to the World Wide Web. This in part massive and we expect continuing move of "viewers" from traditional TV to WWW will greatly change the media scene over time.
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1073483586815928332004-01-07T14:53:00.000+01:002004-01-07T14:55:23.430+01:00Hail to the Queen ! - Tim Berners-Lee to be Knighted<br>Tim Berners-Lee is to be knighted.
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<br />See <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/12/timbl_knighted">the W3C</a> under the title "W3C Director Tim Berners-Lee to be made Knight Commander, Order of the British Empire".
<br />
<br />It is beginning to appear that those persons who are recently being "knighted" by Queen Elizabeth are looking very much more like a "Who's Who" of the world than those being honored by allegedly more illustrious awards such as the Nobel Prize, which - as in the case of the Nobel Prizes for Peace and Literature - appear to be very politically motivated and, in the case of the sciences represented, often go to persons who work in obscurity and remain obscure even after the award.
<br />
<br />By contrast, the Knighthoods seem to be awarded to people who are visibly shaping our world.
<br />
<br />Hail to the Queen!
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1068586668063585662003-11-11T22:37:00.000+01:002003-11-11T22:38:55.333+01:00Internet Governance by the UN ?<br>Internet Governance by the United Nations (UN) as a subject came via links at <a href="http://avoyagetoarcturus.blogspot.com/">A Voyage to Arcturus</a> to the the following websites
<br />
<br /><a href="http://news.ft.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=FT.com/StoryFT/FullStory&c=StoryFT&cid=1066565743698">Financial Times</a>
<br />and the
<br /><a href="http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-s/md/03/wsispc3/doc/S03-WSISPC3-DOC-0010!A2-R1!PDF-E.pdf">ITU</a>.
<br />
<br />The idea of taking internet governance out of the hands of ICANN is not new - and certainly discussionable.
<br />
<br />The idea of taking internet governance out of the US and putting it into the hands of the United Nations - to become a political football (?) in the General Assembly or Security Council - is new and has zero chances of implementation.
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1068478547211876442003-11-10T16:35:00.000+01:002003-11-10T16:35:51.500+01:00What is AAC?<br>MP3, AAC and general Audio and Multimedia standards such as MPEG explained.
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<br />What for example is AAC?
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<br />Go to the Fraunhofer Institut website at
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<br /><a href="http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/amm/index.html">Fraunhofer IIS - Audio & Multimedia - Home of Layer 3 and AAC</a>
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1068475181845784092003-11-10T15:39:00.000+01:002003-11-10T15:41:51.383+01:00iTunes for Mac AND Windows<br>Time Magazine has an article entitled "The 99 cent Solution" at
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<br /><a href="http://www.time.com/time/2003/inventions/invmusic.html">TIME Magazine: Coolest Inventions 2003, Apple Music Store</a>
<br />
<br />in which writer Chris Taylor sings the praises of Steve Jobs and his simple solution to get around the problem of music piracy and illegal file-sharing.
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<br />See <a href="http://www.apple.com/itunes/">iTunes Music Store</a> where this solution is now availabe for Mac AND Windows.
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<br />Our question is, we all know that the Mac Users have always had cash to burn, so it is no suprise that they are paying for music. But what percentage of the - on average - poorer Windows users will pay 99 cents per song?
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<br />Apparently, the start is good, according to the TIME Magazine article.
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1065884411240854202003-10-11T17:00:00.000+02:002003-10-11T17:00:11.480+02:00FOLDOC - Computing Dictionary<br><font color="#ff6600">FOLDOC</font>
<br />
<br />The free online dictionary of computing - <a href="http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/">FOLDOC - Computing Dictionary</a> - is an essential link.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919949.post-1065823865605516172003-10-11T00:11:00.000+02:002003-11-10T16:40:45.900+01:00ComPundit<br>
<br />Our first posting to COMPundit relates to the beginning (or history) of the COMputer.
<br />There are many beginnings for the computer, reaching clear back into the early days of civilization and man's first systems of counting. It just depends on what we select to be important. We will utlimately cover many of the possible roots of computing.
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<br /><font color="#ff6600">TIMELINES</font>
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<br />A good succinct timeline is found at the Rhode Island Computer Museum <a href="http://www.osfn.org/ricm/prj-time.html">website</a>, starting with Stonehenge and Avebury.
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<br />A recent timeline starting at 1945 is found at <a href="http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/">computerhistory.org</a>
<br />This site is recommended for photos - click e.g. "more on computers" in 1945 e.g. to see photos of the machines.
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<br />The Digital Computer Museum Catalog gives a <a href="http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/1981Catalog.html">comprehensive</a> view going back into antiquity.
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<br />We find one time-line for "<a href="http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/calculator_time-line.html">calculators</a>", which preceded computers, at the Vintage Calculators Web Museum.
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<br />Triumph of the Nerds is a <a href="http://www.pbs.org/nerds/timeline/pre.html">PBS-Timeline</a> for computing.
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<br />The Birth of Modern Computing and Programming Ideas is found at the History of <a href="http://www.an.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-kf/historyindex.html">Programming Languages</a>.
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<br />An excellent one-page History of Computation is found at <a href="http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~ped/teachadmin/histsci/htmlform/slides.html">Dunne</a>.
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<br />A chronological account of computing with a time-line is found at the site of The <a href="http://www.computer.org/history/development/early.htm">IEEE </a>Computer Society, the world's oldest and largest professional association of people in computing.
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<br />For a general overview, see History of Mathematics at <a href="http://www.maths.tcd.ie/pub/HistMath/Links/">Trinity College Dublin</a> and "Early Math" at <a href="http://recoveredscience.com/const125earlymath.htm">recovered science</a>.
<br />
<br />Here is our selection of landmarks from these and other time-lines, together with our selection of links to other, specialized websites for detailed discussion of persons or inventions:
<br />
<br /><font color="#ff6600">OUR TIMELINE</font>
<br />
<br />3000 BC - astronomically oriented methods of calculation by <a href="http://www.starsstonesscholars.com/">megaliths</a>
<br />1800 BC Babylon - algorithm developed
<br />1500 BC Egypt - shadow clock invented
<br />650 BC Egypt - merkhet invented
<br />500 BC Egypt - abacus invented
<br />325 BC Salamis tablet constructed (early form of abacus)
<br />150 BC Astrolabe invented
<br />82 BC Antikythera navigational calculator constructed, probably by Geminus at Rhodes
<br />65 BC Antikythera device lost in wreck at sea
<br />50 BC Andronicos of Kyrrhos builds tower of the Winds at Athens
<br />48 BC Julius Caesar reforms the Roman Calendar
<br />ca 200 AD Construction started on American "Woodhenge" at Cahokia
<br />ca 1200 AD Chinese abacus developed
<br />1335 First great clock constructed at Milan
<br />1410 Astrolabe clock constructed at Prague
<br />1612 - <a href="http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blnapier.htm">John Napier </a>- first use of the <a href="http://www.magicdragon.com/Wallace/thingscot.html#De">decimal point</a>, Napier also invented <a href="http://pages.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~williams/History_web_site/time%201500_1800/logarithms%20and%20slide%20rules.htm">logarithms</a>
<br />1622 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Oughtred.html">William Oughtred </a>- created the <a href="http://www.giovannipastore.it/index_english.htm">slide rule</a> using Napier's logarithms
<br />1623 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Schickard.html">Wilhelm Schickard</a> - builds first mechanical calculator, but is perhaps preceded in this honor by <a href="http://www.maxmon.com/1500ad.htm">Leonardo da Vinci</a>
<br />1642 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pascal.html">Blaise Pascal</a> - first <a href="http://www.maxmon.com/1640ad.htm">adding machine</a>
<br />1673 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Leibniz.html">Gottfried Leibniz</a> - first calculator capable of multiplication
<br />1801 - <a href="http://www.sacklunch.net/biography/J/JosephMarieJacquard_1.html">Joseph-Marie Jacquard</a> - invention of an automatic loom using <a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/10.01/accidental.html">punched cards</a>
<br />1820 - Charles Xavior Thomas builds the <a href="http://www.an.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-kf/1200-1940.html">Arithmometer</a> - first commercially sold desktop calculator
<br />1822-23 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Babbage.html">Charles Babbage</a> - known as the "father of computing" designs a "difference engine", a steam-powered mechanical calculator for printing astronomical tables and conveices a mechanical "analytical machine" - Babbage is honored today by the <a href="http://www.cbi.umn.edu/collections/search.html">CBI</a>, Charles Babbage Institute, Center for the History of Information Technology
<br />1842 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Lovelace.html">Ada Augusta (Byron) King</a> - world's first computer "programmer"
<br />1854 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Boole.html">George Boole</a> describes his <a href="http://library.albany.edu/internet/boolean.html">Boolean Logic</a>
<br />1890 - <a href="http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blhollerith.htm">Herman Hollerith</a> (his company later became IBM) wins competition to do the <a href="http://www4.wittenberg.edu/academics/mathcomp/bjsdir/history0.shtml">US Census</a>
<br />1925 - <a href="http://www.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0034.html">Vannevar Bush</a> builds a <a href="http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/analyser_pic.htm">differential analyzer</a>
<br />1935 - <a href="http://www.rtd-net.de/Zuse.html">Konrad Zuse</a> builds his Z-1 mechanical calculator
<br />1936 - <a href="http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/do_Atanasoff.html">John Vincent Atanasoff </a>and <a href="http://www.scl.ameslab.gov/ABC/Biographies.html">Clifford Berry</a> developed the ABC computing machine
<br />1937 - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Turing.html">Alan Turing </a>develops the idea of a <a href="http://www.an.psu.edu/ojj/courses/ist-240/reports/spring2001/fa-cb-bc-kf/1200-1940.html">Universal Machine</a>
<br />1939 - <a href="http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/stibitz_pic.htm">George Stibitz</a> - Complex Number Calculator (later the Bell Labs Model 1)
<br />1940 - The <a href="http://www.connected-earth.com/Journeys/Frombuttonstobytes/Intothedigitalera/Thecomputeragedawns/Firstelectroniccomputer/firstelectroniccomputer(08.12.1943).htm">Colossus</a> is built - <a href="http://www-ivs.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/bs/lehre/wise0102/progb/vortraege/kmuecke/colossus.html">Tommy Flowers</a>, <a href="http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/Publications/Eagle98/Eagle98-Professo.html">Sir Harry Hinsley</a>
<br />1943 - Work on <a href="http://ieee.cincinnati.fuse.net/reiman/05_1996.html">ENIAC</a> started. ENIAC (Electronic Numeral Integrator and Calculator) - which begins modern computer industry was <a href="http://redbaron.bishops.ntc.nf.ca/ct3200/eniac.html">developed by</a> John Brainerd, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Herman Goldstine
<br />1944 - <a href="http://www.maxmon.com/1939ad.htm">Harvard Mark I</a> developed - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Aiken.html">Howard Aiken</a>
<br />1945 - <a href="http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/timeline.php?timeline_year=1945">John von Neumann</a> develops the idea of internal computer storage of data (priority not accepted by all) <a href="http://lecture.eingang.org/edvac.html">EDVAC</a> (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer). Internal programming of computers - i.e. modern software - is largely due to the formative ideas of <a href="http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/VonNeumann.html">von Neumann</a>, probably the greatest mathematician of the 20th century, also famous for the development of <a href="http://cse.stanford.edu/classes/sophomore-college/projects-98/game-theory/neumann.html">game theory</a>.
<br />1947 - <a href="http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~museum/">ENIAC</a> goes public; William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain invent the <a href="http://www.pbs.org/transistor/">transistor</a> Click the various radio buttons. Prior to the transistor, computers were of immense size - the transistor meant they could be <a href="http://www.knowledgecontext.org/activities/connections/transistor.htm">miniaturized</a>.
<br />1948 - <a href="http://www.computer50.org/mark1/mark1intro.html">Manchester Mark I</a> is first operating stored program machine
<br />1949- <a href="http://www.computer.org/history/development/1949.htm">UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)</a> - <a href="http://www.library.upenn.edu/exhibits/rbm/mauchly/jwm11.html">Details</a>
<br />1952 - <a href="http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/hopper-story.html ">Automatic programming-</a> - i.e. a compiler - <a href="http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Hopper.html">Grace Hopper</a>
<br />1953 - IBM - The <a href="http://www-1.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/701/701_chronology.html">Defense Calculator</a> is IBM's real entry into computing
<br />1954 - <a href="http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/mjg17/f90/history.htm">FORTRAN</a> - <a href="http://www.thocp.net/biographies/backus_john.htm">John Backus</a> - first computer programming language
<br />1954 - <a href="http://www.nsf.gov/">NSF</a> (National Science Foundation) awards a grant in computing to John von Neumann - we will hear about the NSF and the internet later.
<br />1958 - <a href="http://www.knowledgecontext.org/activities/connections/ic.htm">Integrated circuit </a>(IC) - the microchip - invented by <a href="http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a>
<br />(this will yet be edited, updated and continued)Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0